Observing Modes

Observing modes specify how observations are scheduled and carried out.

The DKIST offers two different observing modes for Investigators: Service Mode Observing (SMO) and Access Mode Observing (AMO). Investigators can apply for either of the modes.

 Service Mode Observing

For efficiency the DKIST offers a Service Mode that essentially moves away from the traditional model of fixed scheduling where only one Principal Investigator (PI) has exclusive access to the observatory during a block of observing time. Instead, by adopting a flexible service model observations are efficiently planned and executed only when solar conditions (target availability) and observing conditions (weather, seeing, etc.) are suitable, and when technical readiness of all systems is assured. Service time is allocated dynamically!  The observatory staff (including resident scientists, science operations specialists) is responsible on a daily basis for decisions regarding what instruments are operated and which observations are executed. The very dynamic nature of this observing mode makes it impractical for PIs to make travel arrangements in advance and as such does not require the PI to be physically present. Remote participation of the PI, however, may be desired or even necessary (depending on the complexity of the program) and might be considered on a case-to-case and best effort basis.

It is assumed that the DKIST is operated for a significant fraction of the available observing time in this service mode.

Access Mode Observing

The DKIST offers an Access Mode when real-time decisions and/or close interactions with the Principal Investigator (PI) are necessary (or otherwise as guided by policy). The Access Mode specifically supports programs that have special time constraints (e.g. for a coordination). Access Mode Observing (AMO) may allow the Investigator to choose between the same programs (i.e. Standard, Target of Opportunity, Synoptic) that are available for Service Mode Observing.

Access time is granted on a scheduled basis, i.e. a fixed block of time is allocated for the proposal and its associated experiment. Access time can be shared and granted to more than one PI during the same time period if no conflicts arise and non-interference is guaranteed (e.g. morning hours: high-resolution program; afternoon hours: coronal program). Access time does not necessarily require the PI to be physically present.